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Impact of donor kinship on non-T-cell depleted haploidentical stem cell transplantation with post transplantation cyclophosphamide for acute leukemia: From the ALWP of the EBMT
Danylesko, I., Peczynski, C., Labopin, M., Polge, E., Tischer, J., Blaise, D., Koc, Y., Gülbas, Z., Ciceri, F., Arat, M., et al
Bone marrow transplantation. 2022
Abstract
Non-T-cell depleted haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (Haplo-HCT) is a unique transplantation setting in which several donors are available. We assessed the impact of donor kinship on outcome of Haplo-HCT with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide in a cohort of 717 acute leukemia patients. We compared sibling with parent donors in patients ≤45 years, and child with sibling donors in patients >45 years. Donor kinship was not associated with worse outcomes in multivariate analysis. For patients ≤45 years, the hazard ratio (HR) for leukemia-free survival (LFS), overall survival (OS), relapse incidence (RI), and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was 0.87 (p = 0.75), 1.19 (p = 0.7), 0.52 (p = 0.19), and 0.99 (p = 0.97) for parents versus siblings, respectively, and for patients >45 years the HR was 0.93 (p = 0.8), 0.98 (p = 0.94), 1.3 (p = 0.53), and 0.98 (p = 0.95) for children versus siblings, respectively. Univariate incidence of acute GVHD grade II-IV was significantly higher in patients transplanted from siblings versus children (p = 0.002). Factors associated with inferior outcome were advanced disease and earlier transplant. In patients ≤45 years, acute lymphocytic leukemia and peripheral blood stem cell graft were additional prognostic factors for OS. We did not find a significant impact of donor kinship on transplantation outcome when analyzing by age group (≤45 and >45 years).
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Haploidentical vs. sibling, unrelated, or cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Wieduwilt, M. J., Metheny, L., Zhang, M. J., Wang, H. L., Estrada-Merly, N., Marks, D. I., Al-Homsi, A. S., Muffly, L., Chao, N. J., Rizzieri, D., et al
Blood advances. 2021
Abstract
The role of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is being defined. We performed a retrospective, multivariate analysis comparing outcomes of HCT approaches by donor for adults with ALL in remission. The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) between haploidentical HCT using PTCy and HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD), 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) , 7/8 HLA-matched UD, or umbilical cord blood (UCB) HCT. Comparing haploidentical to MSD HCT, OS, leukemia-free survival (LFS), non-relapse mortality (NRM), relapse, and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were not different but chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was higher with MSD HCT. Compared to MUD HCT, OS, LFS, and relapse were not different but MUD HCT had increased NRM (HR 1.42, P=0.02), grade 3-4 aGVHD (HR 1.59, P=0.005), and cGVHD. Compared to 7/8 UD HCT, LFS and relapse were not different, but 7/8 UD HCT had worse OS (HR 1.38, P=0.01) and increased NRM (HR 2.13, P=<0.001), grade 3-4 aGVHD (HR 1.86, P=0.003), and cGVHD (HR 1.72, P=<0.001). Compared to UCB HCT, late OS , late LFS, relapse, and cGVHD were not different but UCB HCT had worse early OS (=18 months, HR 1.93, P<0.001), worse early LFS (HR 1.40, P=0.007) and increased incidences of NRM (HR 2.08, P<0.001) and grade 3-4 aGVHD (HR 1.97, P<0.001). Haploidentical HCT using PTCy showed no difference in survival but less GVHD compared to traditional MSD and MUD HCT and is the preferred alternative donor HCT option for adults with ALL in CR.
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Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with cord blood versus mismatched unrelated donor with post-transplant cyclophosphamide in acute myeloid leukemia
Dholaria, B., Labopin, M., Sanz, J., Ruggeri, A., Cornelissen, J., Labussière-Wallet, H., Blaise, D., Forcade, E., Chevallier, P., Grassi, A., et al
Journal of hematology & oncology. 2021;14(1):76
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Editor's Choice
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) using a mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) and cord blood transplantation (CBT) are valid alternatives for patients without a fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. Here, we compared the allo-HCT outcomes of CBT versus single-allele-mismatched MMUD allo-HCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in acute myeloid leukemia. METHODS Patients who underwent a first CBT without PTCy (N?=?902) or allo-HCT from a (HLA 9/10) MMUD with PTCy (N?=?280) were included in the study. A multivariate regression analysis was performed for the whole population. A matched-pair analysis was carried out by propensity score-based 1:1 matching of patients (177 pairs) with known cytogenetic risk. RESULTS The incidence of grade II-IV and grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 6 months was 36% versus 32% (p?=?0.07) and 15% versus 11% (p?=?0.16) for CBT and MMUD cohorts, respectively. CBT was associated with a higher incidence of graft failure (11% vs. 4%, p?0.01) and higher 2-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) (30% vs. 16%, p?0.01) compared to MMUD. In the multivariate analysis, CBT was associated with a higher risk of, NRM (HR?=?2.09, 95% CI 1.46-2.99, p?0.0001), and relapse (HR?=?1.35, 95% CI 1-1.83, p?=?0.05), which resulted in worse leukemia-free survival (LFS) (HR?=?1.68, 95% CI 1.34-2.12, p?0.0001), overall survival (OS) (HR?=?1.7, 95% CI 1.33-2.17, p?0.0001), and GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) (HR?=?1.49, 95% CI 1.21-1.83, p?0.0001) compared to MMUD. The risk of grade II-IV acute GVHD (p?=?0.052) and chronic GVHD (p?=?0.69) did not differ significantly between the cohorts. These results were confirmed in a matched-pair analysis. CONCLUSIONS CBT was associated with lower LFS, OS, and GRFS due to higher NRM, compared to MMUD allo-HCT with PTCy. In the absence of a fully matched donor, 9/10 MMUD with PTCy may be preferred over CBT.
PICO Summary
Population
Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (n=1182)
Intervention
First cord blood transplant without post-transplant cyclophosphamide (CBT, n=902)
Comparison
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation usinga mismatched unrelated donor with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (MMUD, n=280)
Outcome
The incidence of grade II-IV and grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 6 months was 36% versus 32% and 15% versus 11% for CBT and MMUD cohorts, respectively. CBT was associated with a higher incidence of graft failure (11% vs. 4%) and higher 2-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) (30% vs. 16%) compared to MMUD. In the multivariate analysis, CBT was associated with a higher risk of, NRM (HR=2.09), and relapse (HR=1.35), which resulted in worse leukemia-free survival (LFS) (HR=1.68), overall survival (OS) (HR=1.7), and GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) (HR=1.49) compared to MMUD. The risk of grade II-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD did not differ significantly between the cohorts. These results were confirmed in a matched-pair analysis.
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Comparing outcomes of a second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant using HLA-matched unrelated versus T-cell replete haploidentical donors in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of EBMT
Kharfan-Dabaja, M. A., Labopin, M., Bazarbachi, A., Ciceri, F., Finke, J., Bruno, B., Bornhäuser, M., Gedde-Dahl, T., Labussière-Wallet, H., Niittyvuopio, R., et al
Bone marrow transplantation. 2021
Abstract
Optimal donor choice for a second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains undefined. We compared outcomes using HLA-matched unrelated donors (MUD) versus haploidentical donors in this population. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The MUD allo-HCT group comprised 104 patients (male?=?56, 54%), median age 36 years, mostly (76%) with B-cell phenotype in complete remission (CR) (CR2/CR3?+?=?76, 73%). The 61 patients (male?=?38, 62%) in the haploidentical group were younger, median age 30 years (p?=?0.002), had mostly (79%) a B-cell phenotype and the majority were also in CR at time of the second allo-HCT (CR2/CR3?+?=?40, 66%). Peripheral blood stem cells was the most common cell source in both, but a significantly higher number in the haploidentical group received bone marrow cells (26% vs. 4%, p?0.0001). A haploidentical donor second allo-HCT had a 1.5-fold higher 2-year OS (49% vs. 31%), albeit not statistically significant (p?=?0.13). A longer time from first allo-HCT to relapse was associated with improved OS, leukemia-free survival, graft-versus-host disease-free-relapse-free survival, and lower cumulative incidences of relapse and non-relapse mortality. Results suggest no major OS difference when choosing either a MUD or haploidentical donor for ALL patients needing a second allo-HCT.
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Composite GRFS and CRFS Outcomes After Adult Alternative Donor HCT
Mehta, R. S., Holtan, S. G., Wang, T., Hemmer, M. T., Spellman, S. R., Arora, M., Couriel, D. R., Alousi, A. M., Pidala, J., Abdel-Azim, H., et al
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2020;:Jco1900396
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Editor's Choice
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no consensus on the best choice of an alternative donor (umbilical cord blood [UCB], haploidentical, one-antigen mismatched [7/8]-bone marrow [BM], or 7/8-peripheral blood [PB]) for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for patients lacking an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor. METHODS We report composite end points of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD)-free relapse-free survival (CRFS) in 2,198 patients who underwent UCB (n = 838), haploidentical (n = 159), 7/8-BM (n = 241), or 7/8-PB (n = 960) HCT. All groups were divided by myeloablative conditioning (MAC) intensity or reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), except haploidentical group in which most received RIC. To account for multiple testing, P < .0071 in multivariable analysis and P < .00025 in direct pairwise comparisons were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, haploidentical group had the best GRFS, CRFS, and overall survival (OS). In the direct pairwise comparison of other groups, among those who received MAC, there was no difference in GRFS or CRFS among UCB, 7/8-BM, and 7/8-PB with serotherapy (alemtuzumab or antithymocyte globulin) groups. In contrast, the 7/8-PB without serotherapy group had significantly inferior GRFS, higher cGVHD, and a trend toward worse CRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.69; P = .002) than the 7/8-BM group and higher cGVHD and trend toward inferior CRFS (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.63; P = .0006) than the UCB group. Among patients with RIC, all groups had significantly inferior GRFS and CRFS compared with the haploidentical group. CONCLUSION Recognizing the limitations of a registry retrospective analysis and the possibility of center selection bias in choosing donors, our data support the use of UCB, 7/8-BM, or 7/8-PB (with serotherapy) grafts for patients undergoing MAC HCT and haploidentical grafts for patients undergoing RIC HCT. The haploidentical group had the best GRFS, CRFS, and OS of all groups.
PICO Summary
Population
Patients who underwent alternative donor transplantation (n=2198)
Intervention
Haploidentical transplantation (n=159)
Comparison
Other alternative donor HSCT: cord blood (UCB, n=838), 7/8 mismatched bone marrow (7/8-BM, n=241), 7/8 mismatched peripheral blood (7/8-PB, n=960), each divided into MAC and RIC groups
Outcome
In multivariable analysis, haploidentical group had the best GvHD, relapse-free survival (GRFS), chronic- GvHD-free-relapse-free survival (CRFS), and overall survival (OS). In the direct pairwise comparison of other groups, among those who received MAC, there was no difference in GRFS or CRFS among UCB, 7/8-BM, and 7/8-PB with serotherapy (alemtuzumab or antithymocyte globulin) groups. In contrast, the 7/8-PB without serotherapy group had significantly inferior GRFS, higher cGVHD, and a trend toward worse CRFS than the 7/8-BM group and higher cGVHD and trend toward inferior CRFS than the UCB group. Among patients with RIC, all groups had significantly inferior GRFS and CRFS compared with the haploidentical group.
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The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) consensus recommendations for donor selection in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
Ciurea, S. O., Al Malki, M. M., Kongtim, P., Fuchs, E. J., Luznik, L., Huang, X. J., Ciceri, F., Locatelli, F., Aversa, F., Castagna, L., et al
Bone marrow transplantation. 2019
Abstract
The number of HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplants continues to increase worldwide due to recent improvements in outcomes, allowing more patients with hematological malignancies and non-malignant disorders to benefit from this procedure and have a chance to cure their disease. Despite these encouraging results, questions remain as multiple donors are usually available for transplantation, and choosing the best HLA-haploidentical donor for transplantation remains a challenge. Several approaches to haploidentical transplantation have been developed over time and, based on the graft received, can be grouped as follows: T-cell depleted haploidentical transplants, either complete or partial, or with T-cell replete grafts, performed with post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, or G-CSF-primed bone marrow graft and enhanced GVHD prophylaxis. Carefully selecting the donor can help optimize transplant outcomes for recipients of haploidentical donor transplants. Variables usually considered in the donor selection include presence of donor-specific antibodies in the recipient, donor age, donor/recipient gender and ABO combinations, and immunogenic variables, such as natural killer cell alloreactivity or KIR haplotype. Here we provide a comprehensive review of available evidence for selecting haploidentical donors for transplantation, and summarize the recommendations from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) on donor selection for different transplant platforms.
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Donor age determines outcome in acute leukemia patients over 40 undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
Canaani, J., Savani, B. N., Labopin, M., Huang, X. J., Ciceri, F., Arcese, W., Koc, Y., Tischer, J., Blaise, D., Gulbas, Z., et al
American Journal of Hematology. 2017
Abstract
Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT) is being increasingly used in acute leukemia patients as an alternative transplant modality when matched sibling or matched unrelated donors are unavailable. As several potential haploidentical relative donors are typically available for a given patient, optimizing donor selection to improve clinical outcome is crucial. The impact of donor age and kinship on the outcome of acute leukemia patients is not clearly established in this setting. Using the multinational registry of the acute leukemia working party of the European society for blood and marrow transplantation we retrospective analyzed the clinical outcome of 1270 acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who underwent haplo-HCT between 2005 and 2015. Patients over the age of 40 were significantly affected by increasing donor age resulting in higher non-relapse mortality (NRM) [Hazard ratio (HR)=1.86, confidence interval (CI) 95%, 1.18-2.94; P=0.007], inferior leukemia-free survival (LFS) (HR=1.59, CI 95%, 1.13-2.24; P=0.007), and overall survival (OS) (HR=1.74, CI 95%, 1.22-2.47; P=0.002) when donors were over the age of 40. Additionally, kinship was found to be prognostically significant as patients transplanted from children donors over the age of 35 experienced an increased rate of NRM (HR=1.82, CI 95%, 1.13-2.9; P=0.01), inferior LFS (HR=1.5, CI 95%, 1.05-2.13; P=0.03), and OS (HR=1.5, CI 95%, 1.04-2.15; P=0.03). For patients younger than 40 years, donor age and kinship were mostly not clinically impactful. Our data establish donor age and kinship as significant determinants of outcome following haplo-HCT for acute leukemia patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Impact of ABO incompatibility on patients' outcome after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia - a report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Canaani, J., Savani, B. N., Labopin, M., Huang, X. J., Ciceri, F., Arcese, W., Tischer, J., Koc, Y., Bruno, B., Gulbas, Z., et al
Haematologica. 2017;102(6):1066-1074
Abstract
A significant proportion of hematopoietic stem cell transplants are performed with ABO-mismatched donors. The impact of ABO mismatch on outcome following transplantation remains controversial and there are no published data regarding the impact of ABO mismatch in acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving haploidentical transplants. Using the European Blood and Marrow Transplant Acute Leukemia Working Group registry we identified 837 patients who underwent haploidentical transplantation. Comparative analysis was performed between patients who received ABO-matched versus ABO-mismatched haploidentical transplants for common clinical outcome variables. Our cohort consisted of 522 ABO-matched patients and 315 ABO-mismatched patients including 150 with minor, 127 with major, and 38 with bi-directional ABO mismatching. There were no significant differences between ABO matched and mismatched patients in terms of baseline disease and clinical characteristics. Major ABO mismatching was associated with inferior day 100 engraftment rate whereas multivariate analysis showed that bi-directional mismatching was associated with increased risk of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease [hazard ratio (HR) 2.387; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-4.66; P=0.01). Non-relapse mortality, relapse incidence, leukemia-free survival, overall survival, and chronic graft-versus-host disease rates were comparable between ABO-matched and -mismatched patients. Focused analysis on stem cell source showed that patients with minor mismatching transplanted with bone marrow grafts experienced increased grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease rates (HR 2.03; 95% CI: 1.00-4.10; P=0.04). Patients with major ABO mismatching and bone marrow grafts had decreased survival (HR=1.82; CI 95%: 1.048 - 3.18; P=0.033). In conclusion, ABO incompatibility has a marginal but significant clinical effect in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing haploidentical transplantation. Copyright© Ferrata Storti Foundation.
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ABO incompatibility in mismatched unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the acute leukemia working party of the EBMT
Canaani, J., Savani, B. N., Labopin, M., Michallet, M., Craddock, C., Socie, G., Volin, L., Maertens, J. A., Crawley, C., Blaise, D., et al
American Journal of Hematology. 2017;92(8):789-796
Abstract
ABO incompatibility is commonly observed in stem cell transplantation and its impact in this setting has been extensively investigated. HLA-mismatched unrelated donors (MMURD) are often used as an alternative stem cell source but are associated with increased transplant related complications. Whether ABO incompatibility affects outcome in MMURD transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is unknown. We evaluated 1,013 AML patients who underwent MMURD transplantation between 2005 and 2014. Engraftment rates were comparable between ABO matched and mismatched patients, as were relapse incidence [34%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28-39; for ABO matched vs. 36%; 95% CI, 32-40; for ABO mismatched; P=.32], and nonrelapse mortality (28%; 95% CI, 23-33; for ABO matched vs. 25%; 95% CI, 21-29; for ABO mismatched; P=.2). Three year survival was 40% for ABO matched and 43% for ABO mismatched patients (P=.35), Leukemia free survival rates were also comparable between groups (37%; 95% CI, 32-43; for ABO matched vs. 38%; 95% CI, 33-42; for ABO mismatched; P=.87). Incidence of grade II-IV acute graft versus host disease was marginally lower in patients with major ABO mismatching (Hazard ratio of 0.7, 95% CI, 0.5-1; P=.049]. ABO incompatibility probably has no significant clinical implications in MMURD transplantation.
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The impact of HLA-matching on reduced intensity conditioning regimen unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in patients above 50 years-a report from the EBMT acute leukemia working party
Rubio, M. T., Savani, B. N., Labopin, M., Polge, E., Niederwieser, D., Ganser, A., Schwerdtfeger, R., Ehninger, G., Finke, J., Renate, A., et al
Journal of hematology & oncology. 2016;9(1):65
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data comparing fully matched and mismatched-unrelated-donor (M- and mM-URD) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) following reduced intensity conditioning regimens for acute myeloid leukemia are limited. METHODS We retrospectively compared the outcome of 3398 patients above the age of 50 years who underwent 10/10 M-URD (n=2567), 9/10 (n=723), or 8/10 (n=108) mM-URD allo-SCT for acute myeloid leukemia after reduced intensity conditioning regimen between 2000 and 2013. The Kaplan-Meier estimator, the cumulative incidence function, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used where appropriate. RESULTS HLA matching had no impact on engraftment (p=0.31). In univariate analysis, in comparison to 10/10 M-URD, mM-URD was associated with higher incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (p=0.0002), similar rates of chronic GVHD (p=0.138) but increased incidence of its extensive form (p=0.047). Compared to 10/10 M-URD, patients transplanted in the first complete remission (CR1) with a 9 or an 8/10 mM-URD had decreased 2-year leukemia free (LFS) (p=0.005) and overall survivals (OS) (56.7, 46.1, and 50.2 %, respectively, p=0.005), while outcomes were comparable between all groups for patients transplanted beyond CR1. In multivariate analysis, 9/10 versus 10/10 URD was associated with higher non-relapse mortality (HR 1.34, p=0.001), similar risk of relapse and chronic GVHD and inferior LFS (HR 1.25, p=0.0001), and OS (HR 1.27, p=0.0001). There was no difference in adjusted transplant outcomes between 9/10 and 8/10 mM-URD. CONCLUSIONS Reduced intensity conditioned allo-SCT with a 10/10 M-URD remains the preferable option for AML patients above the age of 50 years. The use of a 9/10 or an 8/10 mM-URD in patients not having a fully matched donor represents an alternative therapeutic option that should be compared to other alternative donor transplant strategies.