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The timing of post-transplant cyclophosphamide administration in haploidentical transplantation: a comparative study on behalf of the ALWP of the EBMT
Ruggeri, A., Labopin, M., Battipaglia, G., Chiusolo, P., Tischer, J., Diez-Martin, J. L., Bruno, B., Castagna, L., Moiseev, I. S., Vitek, A., et al
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2020
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Editor's Choice
Abstract
Timing of immunosuppressive-drugs therapy used in combination with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (Haplo-HSCT) is not standardized. We evaluated the schedule of immunosuppression therapy after haplo-HSCT in 509 patients with acute leukemia receiving PTCY on day +3 and +4 along with tacrolimus (group 1, n=215) or cyclosporine A (CSA) and mycophenolate -mofetil (MMF) from day+5 (group 2, n=170) or CSA+MMF from day 0 or 1 with PTCY on day +3 and +5 (group 3, n=124). Patients in group 3 were younger (median age 46 years, p=0.02), received bone marrow (77%, p<0.01) and a regimen containing thiotepa, fludarabine and busulfan (84%, p<0.01) more frequently. At 2 years, OS was 44%, 48% and 59% (p=0.15), LFS was 43%, 46%, and 53%, (p=0.05) and refined-GRFS (rGRFS) was 33%, 39% and 36% (p=0.02), in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Grade II-IV acute GVHD was 25%, 39% and 18%, respectively (p<0.01), and chronic GVHD was 25%, 21% and 24% (p=0.50) for the 3 groups, respectively. Relapse incidence was 36%, 37% and 26%, (p=0.02) and NRM was 26%, 20% and 21% (p=0.35) for the 3 groups, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the early start of ISTimmunosuppression therapy at day+1 followed by PTCY was associated with a better LFS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, p=0.02) and an improved rGRFS (HR 0.62, p=0.02). In our study, timing of immunosuppression influences outcomes of haplo-HSCT with PTCY. The early starting of CSA+MMF with PTCY administered on day +3 and +5 improves LFS and rGRFS.
PICO Summary
Population
Patients with acute leukaemia undergoing haploidentical transplantation (n=509)
Intervention
Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) on day +3 and +4 along with tacrolimus (group 1, n=215)
Comparison
Cyclosporine A (CSA) and mycophenolate -mofetil (MMF) from day+5 (group 2, n=170) or CSA+MMF from day 0 or 1 with PTCY on day +3 and +5 (group 3, n=124)
Outcome
Patients in group 3 were younger (median age 46 years), received bone marrow (77%) and a regimen containing thiotepa, fludarabine and busulfan (84%) more frequently. At 2 years, OS was 44%, 48% and 59%, LFS was 43%, 46%, and 53%, and refined-GRFS (rGRFS) was 33%, 39% and 36%, in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Grade II-IV acute GVHD was 25%, 39% and 18%, respectively, and chronic GVHD was 25%, 21% and 24% for the 3 groups, respectively. Relapse incidence was 36%, 37% and 26%, and NRM was 26%, 20% and 21% for the 3 groups, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the early start of ISTimmunosuppression therapy at day+1 followed by PTCY was associated with a better LFS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.58) and an improved rGRFS (HR 0.62).
2.
Long-term outcomes of ruxolitinib therapy in steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease in children and adults
Moiseev, I. S., Morozova, E. V., Bykova, T. A., Paina, O. V., Smirnova, A. G., Dotsenko, A. A., Borzenkova, E. S., Galimov, A. N., Gudognikova, Y. V., Ekushov, K. A., et al
Bone marrow transplantation. 2020
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Editor's Choice
Abstract
Acute and chronic steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (srGVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. There are a number of reports on case series describing efficacy of ruxolitinib in both acute and chronic srGVHD. We conducted a prospective study (NCT02997280) in 75 patients with srGVHD (32 acute, 43 chronic, 41 adults, and 34 children). Patients with chronic GVHD had severe disease in 83% of cases, and acute GVHD patients had grade III-IV disease in 66% of cases. The overall response rate (ORR) was 75% (95% CI 57-89%) in acute GVHD and 81% (95% CI 67-92%) in chronic. Overall survival was 59% (95% CI 49-74%) in acute group and 85% (95% CI 70-93%). The major risk factors for lower survival were grade III-IV gastrointestinal involvement (29% vs 93%, p = 0.0001) in acute form and high disease risk score in chronic (65% vs 90%, p = 0.038). Toxicity was predominantly hematologic with 79% and 44% of grade III-IV neutropenia in acute and chronic groups, respectively. There was no difference between adults and children in terms of ORR (p = 0.31, p = 0.35), survival (p = 0.44, p = 0.12) and toxicity (p > 0.93). The study demonstrated that ruxolitinib is an effective option in acute and chronic srGVHD and can be used both in adults and children.
PICO Summary
Population
Adult and paediatric patients with steroid refractory GVHD, 32 acute, 42 chronic (n=75)
Intervention
Ruxolitinib at a starting dose of 10 mg bid for adults and children with weight >40 kg and 0.15 mg/kg bid for children with a weight less than 40 kg.
Comparison
None
Outcome
The overall response rate (ORR) was 75% in acute GVHD and 81% in chronic. Overall survival was 59% in acute group and 85% in chronic. The major risk factors for lower survival were grade III-IV gastrointestinal involvement (29% vs 93%) in acute form and high disease risk score in chronic (65% vs 90%). Toxicity was predominantly hematologic with 79% and 44% of grade III-IV neutropenia in acute and chronic groups, respectively. There was no difference between adults and children in terms of ORR, survival, and toxicity.