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Long-term outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donor using tacrolimus/sirolimus-based GVHD prophylaxis: impact of HLA mismatch
Al Malki, M. M., Gendzekhadze, K., Yang, D., Mokhtari, S., Parker, P., Karanes, C., Palmer, J., Snyder, D., Forman, S. J., Nademanee, A., et al
Transplantation. 2019
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While Tacrolimus/Sirolimus (T/S)-based graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis has been effective in preventing acute GvHD post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), its efficacy and long-term outcome in matched (MUD) and mismatched unrelated donor (mMUD) setting is not well defined. METHODS Herein, we evaluated a consecutive case-series of 482 patients who underwent unrelated donor (URD) HCT (2005 - 2013) with T/S-based GvHD prophylaxis. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 6.2 years (range=2.4-11.3), the 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse/progression-free survival were 47.5% (95%CI: 43.0-52.0) and 43.6% (95%CI: 39.1-48.1), respectively; and the 5-year cumulative incidence of non relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were 24.9%, and 31.5%, respectively. In this cohort, mMUD was associated with worse OS (39.0% vs. 50.7% at 5 years, p=0.034), primarily due to greater risk of NRM (33.5% vs. 21.7%, p=0.038). While rates of relapse, acute (II-IV or III-IV) or chronic GvHD (limited or extensive) were not different, death caused by chronic GvHD (20.8% vs. 12.8%, p=0.022) and infection (33.0% vs. 18.1%, p<0.01) were significantly greater in mMUD. In multivariable analysis, high-risk disease (HR= 2.21, 95%CI: 1.16-4.23; p<0.01) and mMUD (HR=1.55, 95%CI:.1.15-2.08; p=0.004) were independent predictive factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS T/S-based GvHD prophylaxis is an effective and acceptable GvHD prophylactic regimen. However, survival after mMUD remained poor, possibly related to the severity of chronic GvHD.