1.
Clinical Features of AKI in the Early Post-Transplant Period Following Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Vergara-Cadavid, J., Johnson, P. C., Kim, H. T., Yi, A., Sise, M. E., Leaf, D. E., Hanna, P. E., Ho, V. T., Cutler, C. S., Antin, J. H., et al
Transplantation and cellular therapy. 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies but is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). Few studies have examined risk factors for AKI at engraftment, or its relationship with clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and risk factors for peri-engraftment AKI, as well as the association between AKI and overall survival and non-relapse mortality. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients receiving reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) allogeneic HCT at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 2012 and 2019. Peri-engraftment (day 0 to day 30) AKI incidence and severity was defined using modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Factors associated with peri-engraftment AKI risk were examined using Cox regression analysis. The impact of peri-engraftment AKI on overall survival and non-relapse mortality (defined as death without recurrent disease after HCT), was evaluated using Cox regression and Fine and Gray's competing risk model, respectively. Kidney recovery, defined as a return of serum creatinine within 25% of baseline or liberation from kidney replacement therapy (KRT), was examined at day 90 in relation to HCT. RESULTS Peri-engraftment AKI occurred in 330 of 987 patients (33.4%) at a median of 13 days [IQR 4-30] post-transplant. Factors associated with a higher multivariable-adjusted risk of AKI were supratherapeutic rapamycin (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20-2.03; p<0.001), fludarabine/melphalan conditioning (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.81; p=0.05; compared to fludarabine/busulfan and fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation), HCT-Comorbidity Index ≥4 (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14-1.79; p=0.002), albumin <3.4 g/dl (HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.33-3.12; p=0.001), hemoglobin ≤12 (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.38-2.78; p<0.001), supratherapeutic tacrolimus (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07 - 1.95; p=0.02), and baseline serum creatinine >1.1 mg/dl (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.48-2.35; p<0.001). Peri-engraftment AKI was associated with worse overall survival (HR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.71; p<0.001) and non-relapse mortality (subdistribution HR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.52-2.89; p<0.001). Kidney recovery occurred in 18%, 15%, and 30% of patients with stage 1, 2, and 3 AKI without KRT, respectively, and 4 of 16 (25%) patients were liberated from KRT. CONCLUSION Peri-engraftment AKI is common among RIC allogeneic HCT recipients. We identified several important risk factors for peri-engraftment AKI. Peri-engraftment AKI is associated with worse overall survival and non-relapse morality, highlighting the importance of timely recognition and management of AKI.
2.
Outpatient haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant using post-transplant cyclophosphamide and incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis
Gutiérrez-Aguirre, C. H., Esparza-Sandoval, A. C., Palomares-Leal, A., Jaime-Pérez, J. C., Gómez-Almaguer, D., Cantú-Rodríguez, O. G.
Hematology, transfusion and cell therapy. 2020
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT), characterized by irritative symptoms of the urinary tract and a higher morbidity and mortality rate. The worldwide incidence is reported between 10% and 70%. The use of alkylating agents and BK viral infection are the most frequent etiologies. The aim of this study was to report the HC incidence in an outpatient haplo-HCST program with a reduced intensity-conditioning (RIC) regimen, cataloguing risk factors, complications and final outcomes. METHODS The medical database of patients who received a haplo-HSCT between January 2012 and November 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Demographic variables, general characteristics and HC incidence were included. RESULTS One hundred and eleven patients were included, 30 (27%) of whom developed HC, most of them (70%) being grade II, with a 30-day (7-149) median time of post-transplant HC onset. The BK virus was detected in 71% of the urine samples analyzed. All HC patients responded to treatment, except two (6.6%), who died due to HC complications. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the HC incidence or severity, compared to that reported when performing haplo-HSCT in hospitalized patients, although the donor-recipient sex mismatch did relate to a higher HC incidence.
3.
Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after reduced intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Lewis, C., Kim, H. T., Roeker, L. E., Cutler, C., Koreth, J., Nikiforow, S., Armand, P., Gootpu, M., Romee, R., Glotzbecker, B., et al
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2019
Abstract
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a serious complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) that is felt to be triggered, at least in part, by damage to the liver sinusoidal endothelium from cytotoxic conditioning regimens. Accordingly, the incidence of VOD/SOS after reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) HCT is low compared to myeloablative transplantation, and the natural history, risk factors, and outcomes of VOD/SOS after RIC have not been well characterized. We retrospectively reviewed 1583 consecutive patients receiving RIC HCT at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 2007-2017 and ascertained 26 cases of VOD/SOS. The median day of VOD/SOS onset was 26 days (range 5, 48) and the cumulative incidence at day 50 was 1.6% (95% confidence interval 1.1%, 2.4%). Day 100 non-relapse mortality rate was 23% in the VOD/SOS cohort compared to 6.4% in patients without VOD/SOS (p=0.006). Cumulative incidence of VOD/SOS at day 50 was 3.1% after RIC regimen with Flu/Bu2+/-ATG (busulfan dose 6.4 mg/kg), compared to 0.15% after Flu/Bu1+/-ATG (busulfan dose 3.2 mg/kg) (p=0.0002); the incidence rate was 2.1% after RIC HCT with sirolimus containing GVHD prophylaxis, compared to 0.8% for RIC without sirolimus (p=0.06). Significant risk factors identified in multivariable analysis for the development of VOD/SOS were sirolimus use (hazard ratio (HR) 5.1, 95% CI 1.8-14.2, p=0.002) and RIC regimen with Flu/Bu2+/-ATG (HR 34, 95% CI 4.5 - 252, p<0.001) or other (HR 32, 95% CI 3.9 - 257, p=0.001) compared to Flu/Bu1+/-ATG. Rising serum tacrolimus or sirolimus levels, new acute kidney injury, and increasing platelet transfusion requirements were significant early predictors of onset in the week preceding prior VOD/SOS diagnosis. When compared to a previously published cohort of 76 VOD/SOS pts who developed VOD/SOS after myeloablative HCT in the same time period, VOD/SOS after RIC occurred later and was associated with a lower peak bilirubin level and better overall survival. The variability in presenting features for RIC VOD/SOS highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for this entity in RIC HCT.