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1.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with multiple myeloma in Korea: the KMM1807 study
Jung, J., Choi, Y. S., Lee, J. H., Lee, W. S., Kim, S. H., Park, Y., Lee, S. S., Do, Y. R., Jo, J. C., Lee, J. J., et al
International journal of hematology. 2020
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is not frequently performed for elderly patients multiple myeloma (MM) in Korea, despite its being a standardized approach for young patients. Medical records of 150 patients from 15 Korean institutions who received ASCT at age ≥ 64 years were analyzed retrospectively. Patients included had symptomatic MM, and had received their first ASCT at age ≥ 64 following induction chemotherapy. The main outcome was the response after ASCT. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were also analyzed. Median time to ASCT was 6.3 months. Complete response plus stringent complete response rate increased from 36 (24.0%) to 105 (70.0%) after ASCT, and high-quality response (≥ very good partial response) increased from 96 (64.0%) to 125 (83.3%). With a median follow-up of 32.6 months after ASCT, 5-year OS and PFS were 59.7% and 22.8%, respectively. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 43.5%, and nausea (21.3%) and stomatitis (13.2%) were common grade 3-4 non-hematologic adverse events. Of 44 deaths, disease progression (n = 23) was the most common cause of mortality, followed by infection (n = 13). Treatment-related death occurred in four cases (2.7%). ASCT is an effective and safe option for elderly MM patients and is associated with superior clinical outcomes.
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2.
Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor Index Predicts Outcomes After Cord Blood Transplantation
Kajimura, Y., Nakamura, Y., Tanaka, Y., Tanaka, M., Yamamoto, K., Matsuguma, M., Tokunaga, Y., Yujiri, T., Tanizawa, Y.
Transplantation proceedings. 2020
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study demonstrated that the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) index, defined as the ratio of serum sIL-2R levels at neutrophil engraftment to that before conditioning, is a biomarker that can predict acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. In the present study, we evaluated the significance of the sIL-2R index among patients who underwent cord blood transplantation (CBT). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 31 patients who underwent single-unit CBT as their first transplantation for hematologic malignancies. RESULTS The median sIL-2R index was 4.2. The cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD was not associated with the sIL-2R index. However, the cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years after transplantation was significantly lower, with an sIL-2R index ≥ 3.7 than with an index < 3.7 (12.8% vs 50.0%; P = .04). As a result, the probability of overall survival at 3 years after transplantation was significantly higher in the former group than in the latter (79.8% vs 20.0%; P < .01). Only the dose of corticosteroid administered in the pre-engraftment period influenced the sIL-2 index. CONCLUSION The sIL-2R index can predict the incidence of relapse and probability of survival after CBT, possibly reflecting a graft-vs-leukemia effect.
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3.
Treatment with Intravenous Busulfan, Melphalan, and Etoposide (BuME) followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Multicenter Study from the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL)
Kim, K. H., Kim, W. S., Kim, S. J., Yoon, D. H., Suh, C., Kang, H. J., Choi, C. W., Lee, H. S., Bae, S. H., Park, J., et al
Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. 2020
Abstract
Several high-dose therapy (HDT) conditioning regimens have been used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), such as bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU)/etoposide/cytosine arabinoside/melphalan (BEAM), BCNU/etoposide/cytosine arabinoside/cyclophosphamide (BEAC), and cyclophosphamide/BCNU/etoposide (CBV). BCNU is an active drug in HDT of NHL but the supply is limited in some countries, including Korea. Busulfan has been used in allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of busulfan/melphalan/etoposide (BuME) as a conditioning regimen for HDT in relapsed or high-risk NHL. The regimen consisted of intravenous busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day) on days -8, -7 and -6, etoposide (400 mg/m(2) /day) on days -5 and -4, and melphalan (50 mg/m(2) /day) on days -3 and -2. A total of 46 patients were included in the study, with 36 (78.3%) achieving a complete response after ASCT. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 46.7% (95% CI, 31.8-60.4%) and 63.7% (95% CI, 47.7-76.0%), respectively. There was no development of veno-occlusive disease and no treatment-related deaths within 100 days after ASCT. These results indicate that a BuME regimen is well tolerated and effective for patients with relapsed or high-risk NHL, and may be comparable to some previously used regimens. This regimen may be useful as a substitute for BCNU-containing regimens.
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4.
Outcomes of Older Patients with NPM1 Mutated and FLT3-ITD Negative Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Allogeneic Transplantation
Jentzsch, M., Grimm, J., Bill, M., Goldmann, K., Schulz, J., Niederwieser, D., Platzbecker, U., Schwind, S.
HemaSphere. 2020;4(1):e326
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5.
Phase II study of safety and efficacy of BEB (bendamustine, etoposide, and busulfan) conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Kim, D. Y., Chung, J. S., Jo, J. C., Cho, S. H., Shin, H. J.
Annals of hematology. 2020
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is an effective treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, recent supply issues and toxicity of carmustine have necessitated a new conditioning regimen. We conducted a multicenter, phase II study of BEB (busulfan, etoposide, and bendamustine) conditioning regimen for ASCT in patients with NHL. Thirty-one patients were enrolled and underwent ASCT with the BEB conditioning regimen. The most common subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 23, 74.2%). Nine patients (29.0%) had a history of relapse, and 18 patients (58.1%) received more than 2 lines of chemotherapy before ASCT. A median number of 6.05 x 10(6)/kg CD34 cells were infused, and all patients engrafted after a median period of 11 days. Thirteen patients (41.9%) experienced neutropenic fever, and 16 patients (51.6%) had grade 3 or 4 toxicities during ASCT. No one had a documented infection, veno-occlusive disease, or treatment-related death. Three-month complete remission rate was 81.8%. Median follow-up period of 15 months showed 6 patients (19.4%) relapsed or progressed and 3 patients died. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival and overall survival rate were 73.0% and 89.8%, respectively. Our results show that BEB conditioning regimens for ASCT are feasible with tolerable toxicity in patients with NHL.
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6.
Adequate Engraftment With Lower Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dose
Jeyaraman, P., Borah, P., Dayal, N., Pathak, S., Naithani, R.
Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia. 2020
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate hematopoietic stem cell dose is required to proceed with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 108 patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma who underwent ASCT with noncryopreserved stem cells at our center. Data were compared for patients who received stem cell dose < 2 x 10(6)/kg with those who received a higher dose. RESULTS The median CD34 dose collected in the lesser dose group was 1.76 x 10(6)/kg (1.22 to 1.97 x 10(6)/kg). Mean CD34 dose of the whole group was 4.96 +/- 4.2 x 10(6)/kg. Neutrophil engraftment was similar in both groups (12 vs. 11 days) (P = .065). Similarly, platelet engraftment occurred in 12 versus 11 days in both groups (P = .017). Length of hospital stay was similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of proven bacterial infections between the 2 groups. There was no transplant-related mortality in lower dose group. CONCLUSION ASCT can be safely performed with lower hematopoietic stem cell dose in noncryopreserved setting.
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7.
Outcome and Risk Factors for Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms Treated with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Japan
Kida, M., Usuki, K., Uchida, N., Fukuda, T., Katayama, Y., Kondo, T., Eto, T., Matsuoka, K. I., Matsuhashi, Y., Ota, S., et al
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2020
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes and risk factors in adult patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) using Japanese registry data. Between 2002 and 2012, a total 12,169 adult patients underwent HCT for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Of these, 565 with t-MN were identified. The median age was 54 years (range, 16-80 years). Three hundred and ninety-eight patients had AML, 154 had MDS, and 13 had CMML. Lymphoma and breast cancer were the major previous malignancies. Favorable karyotypes were detected in 84 cases, and poor karyotypes in 235. A total of 66% of patients were in non-remission at HCT. Overall survival (OS) at 3 years in t-MN was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27-35), equivalent to secondary-MN (32%, 95% CI: 30-34), and 44% in the de novo cohort (95% CI: 43-45). The cumulative incidence of relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 3 years was 40% and 33%, respectively. The outcome of HCT against t-MN in Japan was comparable to large-scale studies in Europe and the USA. (183 words).
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8.
CD34+ cell mobilization, blood graft composition, and posttransplant recovery in myeloma patients compared to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: results of the prospective multicenter Goa study
Turunen, A., Partanen, A., Valtola, J., Ropponen, A., Siitonen, T., Kuittinen, O., Kuitunen, H., Putkonen, M., Sankelo, M., Keskinen, L., et al
Transfusion. 2020
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous stem cell transplantation is an established treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this prospective multicenter study, 147 patients with MM were compared with 136 patients with NHL regarding the mobilization and apheresis of blood CD34+ cells, cellular composition of infused blood grafts, posttransplant recovery, and outcome. RESULTS Multiple myeloma patients mobilized CD34+ cells more effectively (6.3 x 10(6) /kg vs. 3.9 x 10(6) /kg, p = 0.001). The proportion of poor mobilizers (peak blood CD34+ cell count <20 x 10(6) /L) was higher in NHL patients (15% vs. 3%, p < 0.001). Plerixafor was added to rescue the mobilization failure in 17 MM patients (12%) and in 35 NHL patients (26%; p = 0.002). The infused grafts contained more natural killer (NK) and CD19+ cells in MM patients. Blood platelet and NK-cell counts were higher in MM patients posttransplant. Early treatment-related mortality was low in both groups, but NHL patients had a higher late (>100 days) nonrelapse mortality (NRM; 6% vs. 0%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and MM patients differ in terms of mobilization of CD34+ cells, graft cellular composition, and posttransplant recovery. Thus, the optimal graft characteristics may also be different.
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9.
Monitoring minimal residual/relapsing disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Wethmar, K., Matern, S., Esseling, E., Angenendt, L., Pfeifer, H., Bruggemann, M., Stelmach, P., Call, S., Albring, J. C., Mikesch, J. H., et al
Bone marrow transplantation. 2020
Abstract
Relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a major cause of death in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Here, we retrospectively analysed the contributions of lineage-sorted donor cell chimerism (sDCC) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting disease-specific genetic rearrangements to detect minimal residual/relapsing disease (MRD) and predict impending relapse in 94 adult ALL patients after SCT. With a median follow-up of surviving patients (n = 61) of 3.3 years, qPCR and/or sDCC measurements turned positive in 38 patients (40%). Of these, 22 patients relapsed and 16 remained in complete remission. At 3 years, qPCR and/or sDCC positive patients showed an increased incidence of relapse (50% vs. 4%, p < 0.0001), decreased relapse-free survival (RFS, 40% vs. 85%, p < 0.0001), and decreased overall survival (OS, 47% vs. 87%, p 0.004). Both, qPCR and sDCC pre-detected 11 of 21 relapses occurring within the first two years after SCT and, overall, complemented for each other method in four of the relapsing and four of the non-relapsing cases. Patients receiving pre-emptive MRD-driven interventions (n = 11) or not (n = 10) showed comparable median times until relapse, RFS, and OS. In our single centre cohort, qPCR and sDCC were similarly effective and complementary helpful to indicate haematological relapse of ALL after SCT.
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10.
Fludarabine and intravenous busulfan conditioning with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation for adult patients with lymphoid malignancies: a prospective single-arm phase II study
Wang, L., Wang, L., Fan, X., Tang, W., Hu, J.
Frontiers of medicine. 2020
Abstract
Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs has emerged as a promising strategy in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Improved survival rate was reported in lymphoid malignancies following PT-Cy strategy compared with myeloid disease in non-myeloablative bone marrow transplant setting. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PT-Cy combined with cyclosporine as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis after myeloablative conditioning and T cell-replete peripheral stem cell transplantation in lymphoid malignancies. This single-arm phase II clinical trial (NCT01435447) involving 31 adult patients was conducted from January 2013 to June 2018. The donor-type neutrophil engraftment rate was 100%, and the overall incidence of grade II to IV and grade III to IV acute GVHD was 39% and 24%, respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of chronic GVHD (35%), including moderate to severe forms (10%), were reduced compared with those of the historical group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). With a median follow-up of 18 months, the estimated 2-year overall and event-free survival was 64.8% (95% confidence interval: 47.8%-86.7%) and 58.4% (95% CI: 41.9%-81.7%), respectively. The 2-year cumulative incidence rate of relapse was 19.5% (95% CI: 9.0%-35.8%), whereas the non-relapse mortality rate was 21.8% (95% CI: 11.3%-38.1%). These results demonstrated the feasibility of PT-Cy as GVHD prophylaxis in this clinical setting. This strategy could significantly reduce the incidence of chronic GVHD and its moderate to severe forms but not of acute GVHD and results in similar survival outcomes compared with the historical group. A prospective study with additional patients is warranted to confirm the role of PT-Cy in lymphoid malignancy.
